The Mystical Supper (source)
Excerpt from the Homily on the Betrayal of Judas, by St. John Chrysostom
Translated by Monk Moses of the St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood
from the original Greek, in Patrologia Graeca 49.373–80.
Today, beloved, our Lord Jesus Christ was betrayed. It was on this
approaching evening that the Jews seized him and took Him away. But do
not be dejected, hearing that Jesus was betrayed; rather, be dejected
and weep bitterly—not over Jesus Who was betrayed, but over the traitor,
Judas. For, indeed, the One Who was betrayed saved the whole world,
while the one who betrayed Him lost his own soul. And the One Who was
betrayed is seated at the right hand of the Father, while the one who
betrayed Him is now in hades, awaiting the inevitable punishment. Thus,
weep and moan for his sake; mourn for his sake, since even our Master
shed tears on his account. Seeing him, Jesus was troubled and said: One
of you shall betray Me ( John 13:21). Oh, how great is our Master’s
compassion! The One Who was betrayed grieved for the one who betrayed
Him. Seeing him, Jesus was troubled and said: One of you shall betray
Me. Why was He disheartened? In order to show His tender love and, at
the same time, to teach us that it is altogether fitting to mourn, not
for the one enduring evil, but for the one committing it. Committing
evil is worse than enduring it; or rather, enduring evil is not evil,
but committing it is evil. While enduring evil procures us the Kingdom
of Heaven, committing evil results in Gehenna and punishment for us. For
Blessed, says the Lord, are they which are persecuted for
righteousness’ sake: for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven (Matt 5:10). Do
you see how enduring evil has as its recompense and reward the Kingdom
of Heaven?
...What will ye give me and I will deliver Him unto you? Tell me, did
Christ teach you that? Did He not restrain in advance your covetous
intention, saying: Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in your
purses (Matt. 10:9)? Did He not continually advise this, and also say:
If someone shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other
also (Matt. 5:39)? What will ye give me and I will deliver Him unto you?
Oh, what madness! Tell me, for what? With what small or great
accusation do you betray the Teacher? That He granted you power over
demons? That He granted you the power to put an end to sicknesses? To
cleanse lepers? To raise the dead? That He brought an end to the tyranny
of death? For these benefactions you give this recompense? What will ye
give me and I will deliver Him unto you? Oh, what madness! Or rather,
what covetousness! For it is covetousness that produced all this evil:
lusting after money, he betrayed the Teacher. Such is the root of this
evil; worse than the devil, it excites to frenzy the souls it has
conquered and renders them oblivious to everyone, both to themselves
and to their neighbors, as well as to the laws of nature, driving them
out of their minds and making them insane. See how much it cast out from
the soul of Judas: the fellowship, the intimacy, the common
table, the miracles, the instruction, the counsel, the admonitions—all
of that was then cast into oblivion by covetousness. Thus Paul rightly
said: The love of money is the root of all evil (I Tim. 6:10)...
...I have said all this so that no one will accuse Christ, saying: “Why
did He not change Judas? Why did He not make him sensible and good?” How
ought Judas to have been made good? By force or voluntarily? If by
force, he would not have become better, for no one becomes good by
force. But if, by his own deliberate choice, Judas had wanted to, then
Christ would have used all means to amend his will and intent. But if he
did not want to take the medicine, it is not the Physician Who is at
fault but the one who evaded the treatment. Look at how much Christ did
in order to win him over and save him: He taught him all wisdom by deeds
and by words; He placed him above the demons; He prepared him to
perform numerous miracles; He inspired fear in him with the threat of
hell; He impelled him forward with the promise of the Kingdom; He
continually censured his unspeakable plans, without making them public;
He washed his feet along with the others and shared His table with him.
He did not leave anything undone, either small or great, but Judas of
his own free will remained uncorrected...
But it is time then to approach that fearful table. Therefore, let us
all approach with fitting discretion and sobriety. And let no one be
Judas any longer; let no one be wicked; let no one possess venom,
bearing one thing in his mouth and another in his mind. Christ is
present, and He Who set in order that meal of old also sets this one in
order now. For it is not a man who causes the elements that are set
forth to become the Body and Blood of Christ, but Christ Himself, Who
was crucified for our sake. Fulfilling the figure, the priest stands and
utters the words. But the power and the grace belong to God. This is My
Body, the priest says. These words transform the elements set forth;
and just as the words Increase and multiply and fill the earth (Gen.
1:28) were said once, but throughout all time they give our nature the
power to beget children, so also from that time until now and until His
Coming, these words that were said once accomplish the perfect Sacrifice
on each altar table in the churches.
Therefore, let no one hide festering sores within; let no one be filled
with wickedness; let no one have venom in his thoughts, lest he partake
unto condemnation. For truly it was after Judas had received the Holy
Gifts that the devil fell upon him, out of contempt not for the Body of
the Lord but for Judas, on account of his shamelessness—so that you
understand that the devil especially falls upon and repeatedly attacks
those who partake of the Holy Mysteries unworthily, as with Judas at
that time. For honors benefit those who are worthy, but honors cast into
greater torment those who enjoy them unworthily. I do not say these
things to frighten you, but in order to warn you. Therefore, let no one
be Judas; let no one that enters have the venom of wickedness. The
sacrifice is spiritual food; and just as bodily food that enters a
stomach having foul juices makes the illness even worse—not because of
its own nature but because of the sickness of the stomach—so also does
it usually happen with the spiritual Mysteries. For they also, when they
enter a soul that is full of wickedness, ruin and destroy it even
more—not on account of their own nature but on account of the sickness
of the soul that receives them.
Therefore, let no one have evil thoughts within, but let us purify our
mind, for we are truly drawing near to the spotless sacrifice. Let us
make our soul holy; it is possible for this to happen even in a single
day. How, and in what way? If you have anything against your enemy,
expel your anger, treat your wound, put an end to your enmity, so that
you may receive healing from the holy table—for you are approaching the
fearful and holy sacrifice. Stand in awe before the meaning of this
sacrifice. The slain Christ is laid out before us. On what account was
He slain and why? In order to make peace between heaven and the earth,
in order to make you a friend of the angels, in order to reconcile you
entirely to God, to make you, an enemy and opponent, into a friend. He
gave His life for those who hate Him, but you continue to hate your
fellow servant? And how can you come to the table of peace? He did not
decline to die for you, but you cannot bear, for your own sake, to get
rid of your anger toward your fellow servant? And what sort of
forgiveness are you worthy of?
He abused me, you say, and hurt me a great deal. But what is this? The
damage is only to property; by no means did he wound you like Judas did
Christ, but nevertheless Christ gave His own Blood for the salvation of
those who caused it to pour forth. What can you say is equal to that? If
you do not forgive your enemy, you do not hurt him but yourself. You
wound him many times in this present life, but you make yourself
unpardonable at the judgment in the day to come. For God hates nothing
so much as a man who remembers past wrongs, nothing so much as a
puffed-up heart and a soul inflamed. Listen to what He says: When you
bring your gift to the altar, and there remember, standing high-up at
the altar, that your brother has something against you, leave … your
gift at the altar and go … be reconciled to your brother, and then …
offer your gift (Matt. 5:23–24).
What are you saying?—that I should leave my gift? Yes, for it was for
the sake of peace with your brother that this sacrifice took place.
Thus, if it is for the sake of peace with your brother that this
sacrifice took place, but you have not accomplished that peace, then you
take part in the sacrifice to no purpose, the good work is of no
benefit to you. Therefore, let us first do that on account of which the
sacrifice has been offered, and then we will benefit well from it. The
Son of God came down in order to reconcile our nature to the Master. And
not only for that did He come down, but also in order to make us who do
these things sharers in His name. For He says: Blessed are the
peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God (Matt. 5:9). Do also,
according to human strength, that which the only-begotten Son of God
did, becoming an agent of peace both for yourself and for others. On
account of this, O peacemaker, He even calls you a son of God. And
therefore He did not mention any other commandment regarding the time of
the sacrifice except to be reconciled with one’s brother, showing that
this is the most important of all.
I had wanted to extend my discourse, but what has been said is enough
for those who are attentive, if they call it to mind. Beloved ones, let
us continually call to mind these words, the holy greetings, and the
awe-inspiring kiss of peace with each other. For this joins our minds
together and makes everyone become one Body, since we all also partake
of one Body. Let us be joined together in one Body, not
mingling with the bodies of one another, but uniting our souls with each
other in the bond of love. In this way we will be able to partake with
boldness of the meal which is set forth. Even if we possess countless
righteous deeds, if we bear remembrance of wrongs, they are all to no
avail and in vain, and we will not be able to reap from them any benefit
toward our salvation.
Therefore, being conscious of these things, let us bring an end to all
anger, and purifying our conscience, let us approach with all
meekness and gentleness the table of Christ, to Whom is all glory,
honor, and power, together with the Father and the Holy Spirit, now and
ever and unto the ages of ages. Amen.
The Betrayal of Judas
Through the prayers of our Holy Fathers, Lord Jesus Christ our God, have mercy on us and save us! Amen!
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