I
interject this teaching by Elder Paisios into our series on Orthodox
Spirituality to provide another perspective from a truly holy man about
the meaning of "theology." He too emphasizes the need to ascesis as a
prerequisite to being made aware of the Divine Energies of God. He has a
way of putting very esoteric thoughts in such a simple and earthy
manner.
Elder Paisios of Mt. Athos on “Theology”:
Theology
is the word of God, which is apprehended by pure, humble and
spiritually regenerated souls, and not the beautiful words of the mind,
which are craft ed with literary art and expressed by the legal or world
ly spirit.
Just
as a beautiful statue cannot talk, manufactured words are unable to
speak to the soul of a man, except if the listeners are very worldly,
and pleased simply by charming conversation.
Theology
that is taught like a science usually examines things historically and,
consequently, things are understood externally. Since patristic ascesis
and inner experience are absent, this kind of theology is full of un
certainty and questions. For, with the mind one cannot grasp the Divine
Energies if he does not first practice ascesis and live the Divine
Energies, that the Grace of God might be energized within him.
Whoever
thinks that he can come to know the mysteries of God through external
scientific theory, resembles the fool who wants to see Paradise with a
telescope.
Those
who struggle patristically become empirical theologians through the
visitation of the Grace of the Holy Spirit. All those who have an
external education, in addition to the internal enlightenment of the
soul, may describe the divine mysteries and interpret them correctly, as
did many Holy Fathers.
If,
however, one does not become spiritually related to the Holy Fathers
and wants to take up translating or writing, he will wrong both the Holy
Fathers and himself, as well as the people, with his spiritual
cloudiness.
Neither
is it right for someone to theologize using someone else’s theology,
because he will resemble an impotent man who adopts others’ children,
presents them as his own and pretends to be the father of a large
family. The Holy Fathers took the divine word or personal experiences
from their hearts; they were the result of spiritual battles against
evil and the fire of temptations, which they confessed humbly or, out of
love, wrote down in order to help us. They never kept this love for
them selves, acknowledging, likewise, that humility and all the divine
gifts are of God.
Those
who present the gifts of God as their own are the most insolent and
most unjust of the world, for they wrong God and, even more, their own
selves. In this way they cause themselves to be deprived of Divine Grace
so that they won’t be judged as being more un grateful and so they
won’t be destroyed due to their great vainglory.
Those
who are grateful towards God for everything and constantly attend to
themselves humbly and look after God’s creatures and creation with
kindness, theologize and thus become the most faithful theologians, even
if illiterate. They are like the illiterate shepherds who observe the
weather in the countryside, day and night, and become good
meteorologists.
Those
who live simply, with kindness and good thoughts, and have acquired
inner simplicity and purity, regard the supernatural very simply, as
natural, for everything is simple to God. He does not use greater power
for the supernatural and less for the natural, but the same power for
everything. He Himself is very simple and His Son revealed it to us on
earth with His holy simplicity.
When
purity comes to man and simplicity with its fervent faith and devotion
arrives as well, then the Holy Trinity takes up His abode within us.
With this divine enlightenment one easily finds the keys to divine mean
ings, so as to interpret the Spirit of God in a very simple and natural
way, without causing an intellectual headache.
Depending
on the purity or guile that one possesses, analogous interpretations
are made, and one is benefited or harmed accordingly. Oftentimes, one
may cause harm due to his inexperience, even if acting with good
intentions. For example, a person does not know that white wine also
exists apart from red, and pours red paint into it to seemingly make it
better, and, in this way, poi sons people. But even if he is not
inexperienced or deceitful, but works only from human justice and logic,
he will once again wrong the Spirit of God, and, as a result, harm
himself and others.
With
human logic and justice we also hear the complaints of the laborers of
the first and third hour in the Gospel, who believed that they were
unjustly treated. God, however, the beholder of the hearts of men, with
the subtlety of His divine justice, also rewarded the laborers of the
eleventh hour for the anguish they suffered before finding work. God
would have even given to the laborers of the eleventh hour a greater re
ward, out of His divine righteousness, full of mercy and love, because
the poor ones suffered greatly in soul and were more fatigued than
those, who, for more hours, were exhausted physically. But we, wretched
people that we are, cannot fit God’s divine justice into our limited
mind, just as His infinite kindness cannot fit inside our limited love.
Therefore, God’s love was limited to giving everyone the same agreed
reward, so as not to scandalize more those who loved their self more
than their fellowmen. If He told them: “I am not doing you wrong; we
agreed on this amount…”. He meant that: “I am a boss with noble love and
divine justice which you cannot understand” and not: “I am boss and 1
take no one into consideration”. For God is our Father and we are His
children, and all people know of His fatherly love; He was crucified in
order to redeem and restore us to Paradise.
If
we could go out of our self (the love for our self), we would also
escape from the gravity of the earth and see everything in reality, with
a divine eye, clearly and profoundly. That is why it is necessary for
one to leave the world for the desert, struggle with humility,
repentance and prayer, be deserted by his passions, remove his spiritual
“rusts” and turn into a good conductor in order to receive the Divine
Grace and become a true theologian.
If
we don’t remove the rust from our spiritual cables, we will constantly
be short circuited, full of world ly theories, doubts and questions.
Then we cease theologize, being found in a condition of worldliness, but
will speak historically, or examine things legally and mathematically.
Namely, we will examine how many nails were used to crucify Christ and
how many soldiers were present when He was crucified without proceeding
to the essence of things: that Christ was crucified for our own sins, in
order to redeem us, and suffered more than all of the Holy Martyrs put
together. Although He helped the Martyrs with His divine power, He did
not employ His divine power for Himself at all and suffered terrible
pains out of love, having both of His two hands and His two legs pierced
with nails. Whether they crucified His two legs with one or two nails
has no importance, inasmuch as both were nailed and He suffered the pain
and drank the vinegar, that He might sweeten us again in Paradise,
eternally close to Him, as our Loving Father.
(Taken from the Epistles of Elder Paisios)
